From my experience, the Italian rail system is extremely efficient, extensive, and affordable. It's very easy to get from Livorno to Florence, a route that will take you through Pisa anyway, so perhaps you could cram it all in during an action-packed day? Livorno's train station is a bit of a hike from the port area, so you might want to take a cab. Other cruise-ship visitors have also suggested taking a taxi all the way to Pisa to maximize your sightseeing time (perhaps coordinate with other cruise-ship passengers to share costs on cab fare?). The train to Florence will take just over an hour and they run every hour or so; no need to make advance reservations, just buy your tickets at the station (destination, "Firenze"!). Getting the most out of Florence in a single day will be tight, but certainly worth the effort. On the way back, get off at Pisa and wander the atmospheric streets down to the Field of Miracles (where you'll find the Leaning Tower and Duomo). Good luck! The forums on CruiseCritic.com are another good place to get detailed advice (http://boards.cruisecritic.com).